Some latex allergic individuals can suffer a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction when they come in contact with natural rubber latex.

This serious reaction is called anaphylactic shock. It occurs within minutes of exposure, and is characterized by generalized hives, breathing difficulties and low blood pressure. Anaphylactic shock may be fatal and must be promptly treated by adrenalin injection.

Anaphylactic shock is most likely to occur during direct tissue contact with natural rubber latex products. Direct contact occurs when the skin surface has been broken, or the contact is across a mucous membrane. Mucous membrane contact can occur in the mouth (e.g. blowing up a balloon, dental surgery, anesthetic administration), vagina (condom use, vaginal examination), rectum and colon (examination or enema administration), or urethra (catheterization). Direct tissue contact can occur during surgery when a surgeon wears natural rubber latex gloves when operating on a patient.